Gallienus

Honors World annals10/24/08Con live foliatePage 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Content PagePage 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IntroductionPage 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Birth/Death Date, Family,Early Life, Rise to powerPage 3-5 . . . . . . . . . . ??Summary of his persist: major events, major accomplishments, ` major problemsPage 4-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . End of his reign and how it endedPage 5-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . military rank of his reignPublius Licinius Valerianus Egnatius G whole(prenominal)ienus, or G tot entirelyyienus, was innate(p) in the year 218 A.D. His find, Publius Licinius Valerianus, or Valerian was a illustrious and bulky general in capital of Italy?s array beginning approximately 253 A.D. All report presented by Gallienus concerning Valerian is presented in an extremely fragmentary manner, which denotes a actually negatively prejudice view by Gallienus toward his father. Little is cognise about Vale rian notwithstanding that he served as part of the Senate, was a bully general, and served as the emperor butterfly of Rome for a design. History as well tells that Valerian marital Mariniana and that a son, Gallienus, was born to them. Gallienus was very fond of Greek horticulture and withal was wise in attempting to preserve as very much of roman type memoir as possible. Otherwise, Rome would not gather in been outlay the fight. During his reign, Gallienus travelight-emitting diode to Attica in Greece and was initiated into the mystery cult of Eleusis. History at this cartridge holder is marked by the inability of some(prenominal) papistic emperor to maintain a strong chain on the Roman Imperium. Gallienus was an exception to this rule due to his great successes as Augustus, the secondary emperor next to his father Valerian. Gallienus was au and sotic as Augustus at an early age. Augustus in Latin subject matter ?the increaser,? ?venerable,? or ?majestic. ? Valerian decided that it was important fo! r him to share power every phone number with his son and placed Gallienus in charge of the entire westerly portion of the Roman Empire. This allowed for an extremely flexible rule everyplace Rome. Gallienus? reign was angiotensin-converting enzyme of constant defense from attack of unusual populates. Gallienus rarely had any time to himself as he was continuously support remote regions of his empire or suppressing frequent rebellions all over his imperium. In the early years of his joint reign with his father, Gallienus centre on suppressing small invasions and the breakout of riots in conquered areas. Whenever a in the altogether person came into power over the Roman Empire, green goddess breakouts and rioting among the conquered mess followed. These uprising had to be suppressed forrader anything else could be done. Gallienus dealt with defending the extremities of his portion of the empire from invasion of uncivilised tribes and power hungry nations in the very beginning of his reign. Gallienus had spring down many of these rebellions by the year 260 A.D. and escortd security by making an alliance with the Marcomannic king whose daughter, Pipa, he took as a concubine even though he was married to Cornelia Salonia. In 257 A.D., Valerian rescued Antioch from Iranian control, but only temporarily. In 259 A.D., subsequently on renewed Persian attacks, Valerian attempted to make stop with the Persian queen Saphor. Saphor would not stand for this and captured Valerian through treachery. Valerian was then greatly humiliated by Saphor, who used him as a merciful mounting block for the king?s horse. Valerian was later on skin to make a more lasting trophy of King Saphor?s cunning. This ended the life of Valerian. Through all of this, Gallienus does not seem to care that his father has died and seems not to visor that his father never returned from Persia. Gallienus simply stepped in to the role of encompassing emperor of the Roman Empire without a second thought. too ! virtually this time, Gallienus began to separate the civil and military functions of Rome?s idyll governors by making them into lowly civil administrators. Gallienus? important bearing of reinforcing his position as emperor is seen through the coins during this time. The coins from this period see evidence of a successful propaganda campaign in a time thousands of years before television or newspapers. umpteen of the Roman mints in this time produced coins interpret soldiers and the depicted object ?FIDES MILITVM? or ? subjection of soldiers? de scandalize constant rebellion of armies against Gallienus. Gallienus went to great measures to ensure that he was depicted as victorious, merciful, and pious. In addition, Gallienus introduced a new coin series to the general public depicting his enactment disguised as some(prenominal) of the Greek deities. Roman people who used these coins every day were constantly reminded of their Greek heritage and therefore remained loyal t o the Emperor. During Gallienus? reign, there was constant fighting on the western frontier of the Roman Empire. By the year 260 A.D., Gallienus had at sea complete control of Gaul. In the traditional fashion, Claudius II Gothicus gained the loyalty of the array and succeeded Gallienus to the Imperium. In the months leading up to his secret dying in September of 268 A.D., Gallienus was ironically orchestrating the greatest achievements of his reign. An invasion of Goths into the nation of Pannonia was leading to disaster and even threatening Rome, man at the same time, the Alamanni were a creating a ruckus in the Yankee part of Italy. Gallienus halted the progress of the Alamanni by defeating them in bout in 268 A.D., and then he turned north and win several victories over the Huns. That fall, he attacked the Goths once again. In September, each he or Claudius, his leading general, led the Roman army to advantage at the Battle of Naissus. At some time followers this battle, Gallienus authority was challenged by Aureol! us, commanding officer of the heavens army in Milan, who supported Postumus. Gallienus moved to lay military blockade to Mediolanum, but during the siege he was murdered. He died in 268 A.D. on that point are divergent accounts of his murder.

According to the Historia capital of Maine, an unreliable witnesser compiled long by and by the events it describes, a conspiracy was led by the commander of the guard Aurelianus Heraclianus and Marcianus. Cecropius, commander of the Dalmatians, spread the news that Aureolus was leaving the city and Gallienus left his tent without his bodyguard, only to be struck dow n by Cecropius (Historia Augusta - Gallieni, xiv.4-11). One form has Claudius selected as emperor by the conspirators, some other chosen by Gallienus on his death bed. The Historia Augusta was inte sleeped to prove the descent of the Constantinian dynasty from Claudius, and this may explain its accounts, which do not withdraw Claudius in the murder. The other sources, (Zosimus and Zonaras), report that the conspiracy was unionised by Heracles, Claudius, and Aurelian. As a final act of spite against Gallienus, the Roman Senate defied Gallienus a proper burial in one of the boom Roman mausoleums. The Senate ordered Gallienus? body to be located to rest in a tomb nine miles south to the highest grade of Rome on the Via Appia. Gallienus wife, Cornelia Salonina, bore Gallienus three sons: Valerianus, Saloninus, and Egnatius Marinianus. Valerianus died in 258 A.D. Salonius died after(prenominal) enough co-emperor. He was killed by his tutor, Posthmus. Egnatius Marini anus became a consul in 268 A.D. Claudius spared the! lives of Gallienus family and express his predecessor defied. Gallienus, in large part, has been passed over by historians. offend of this is due to Gaul?s secession and the fact that Gallienus was slothful to reconquer it. Recently, Gallienus has begun to be seen in a more positively charged light. He was the creator of some very useful reforms. His around prominent contribution to military history was the creation of a cavalry only unit of the army, which could be dispatched quickly without all of the usual red tape involved in spark off the army. This set an example followed by future emperors Diocletian and Constantine I. Gallienus also forbade Senators from meet military commanders. This greatly undermined the Senate?s power as horseback rider commanders rose to prominence. These reforms not only helped Aurelian to salvage the empire, but also placed Gallienus in the league of the Roman Dominate along with Septimius Severus, Dicletian, and Constantine I. Gal lienus was one of the last rulers to be called ?First Citizen.? His self promotional material laid the foundation for the emperors who would be addressed as ? maestro and God.?Works Cited1.Author Unknown. Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus. Roman-empire.net. Date published unknown. 25 Oct. 2008 . 2.Gallieni. Historia Augusta. Chapter xiv. Page 4-11. 3.Wiegel, Richard D. Gallienus. Roman-emperors.org. 3 Aug. 1998. Western Kentucky University. 25 Oct. 2008 . If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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