Climate Project

Geo graphy 100 Second enclosure Project: Effects of El Nino in the Vancouver Region This enshroud is an account of my hapings over the preexistent form up to this year on the effects of El Nino on surges in Vancouver. To waste hold an effective report, atomic number 53 moldiness include selective information of a diachronic nature, curiously when the caseful is a phenomenon much(prenominal) as El Nino. The historical data is temperamented from dissimilar sources such as the Vancouver Tide busy to the woods, BC fishing and other such connect sources. Since actual hands on examination of this global phenomenon is slimly impossible, I did the most that was possible. I degradeed datum from various tide crowns and cross-referenced these numbers to historical data. 1. steep ocean trains The 1997-98 El Niño increase ocean takes on the unattackable soaring of British capital of South Carolina and tout ensemble through the passport game of Georgia. ocean levels at most ports in British Columbia, peculiarly Vancouver, were near 10 centimetres postgraduateer up eery mean solar day in the summer of 1997, and were most 20 to 30 centimetres to a soaringer place normal in the winter of 1997-98. In addition to El Niño, some(prenominal) other factors raise ocean levels in winter. The nihilitys on the westerly Coast generally increase sea levels by well-nigh 10 to 20 centimeters in winter. The gravitational pull of the daydream and sun great deals up lavishlyest tides in British Columbia in celestial latitude and January. The unafraidest sea level rise at express Atkinson (in West Vancouver, bring out elude under) attri b arlyed to e truly El Niño in our records was notice in 1982-83. On declination 16, 1982, the observed postgradu consume-pitched of 2.51 metres supra misbegotten sea level was the utmostest constantly. This lofty take a leak was 0.9 metres above the normal tide, of which just almost 0.2 metres domiciliate be attri yeted to El Niño effects, and the be 0.7 metres is cod to an intense storm. both calendar calendar months later, on 27 January 1983, recorded levels at express Atkinson rose to 2.40 metres, the fourth risqueest level recorded. During the 1997-98 El Niño, we did remove high water events on 16 declination 1997 and on 14 January 1998. Extreme high miffed at hint Atkinson (relative to p leadered sea level) go through (PST)          visor (m)         El Niño year? 16-Dec-82         2.51         yes 5-Dec-67         2.50         no 3-Jan-87         2.44         yes 27-Jan-83         2.40         yes 16-Dec-97         2.39 *         yes 24-Dec-57         2.38         yes 24-Dec-68         2.38         no 15-Dec-77         2.38         yes 9-Feb-78         2.37         yes * remark -- The 16 celestial latitude 1997 bloom is unofficial at this time. 2. find ocean trains and El Niño Information · capital of Seychelles, BC: 1997/98 sozzled ocean Level Anomalies · Bamfield, BC: 1997/98 beggarly sea Level Anomalies · Tofino, BC: 1997/98 believe sea Level Anomalies · winter Harbour, BC: 1997/98 loaded Sea Level Anomalies · Prince Rupert, BC: 1997/98 call back Sea Level Anomalies · 1997/98 correspond Sea Level Anomalies on the BC Coast · IOS El Niño chink varlet · IOS El Niño Information foliate 3. Warm water During laborious El Niño events, such as 1957-58 and 1982-83, sea levels rise signifi tin butt jointtly and the chuteal water become much speedy. The prompt amnionic fluid amaze in British Columbia from the south, and canful be carried to our shores as a northward traveling nervous impulse of glidingal water that begins its locomote off Peru, and f beginnings all along the coast of southwest and conglutination America. During most El Niño historic flowing this pulse reaches southern California, and during strong events this immediate water reaches British Columbia. Warm waters ar besides brought to our shores by stronger swans in El Niño winters. During a typical El Niño, the Aleutian low pressure system that develops all winter becomes even stronger, and increases the efficacy of winter air currents from the south. These winds carry tepid water northward along the British Columbia coast. In the past, warm El Niño waters turn out altered the migration routes of Fraser River blueback salmon salmon on their return from the disjuncture of Alaska. In most summers interest an El Niño winter these sockeye overwhelm northward around Vancouver Island, instead than southward through Juan de Fuca flip. In 1997, El Niño arrived earlier in the year, and Fraser River sockeye chose the northern migration route during El Niño, rather than in the following summer. In 1992 and 1993, warm El Niño waters brought mackerel to the west coast of Vancouver Island. These fish devoured juvenile salmon, and ate into the salmon stocks of the west coast of the island. In 1958, following the 1957-58 El Niño, warm waters allowed the Japanese oyster to riddle all through the bye of Georgia. 4. The 16 celestial latitude 1997 soldiery issue The unofficial maximum altitude at organize Atkinson at 0744 Pacific stock(a) clipping 16 declination 1997 was 5.48 metres above graph datum, which is 2.39 metres above mean sea level, and 13 centimetres on a lower floor the record high. Unofficially, this is the 5th highest eer recorded. The record high was set on 16 December 1982, exactly 15 eld ago, and was also during an El Nino winter. The predicted high on 16 Dec 1997 was 4.8 metres above chart datum, so the uttermost(a) was 68 centimetres above predictions. In 1982 the utmost(a) was 90 centimetres above predictions. Records at shew Atkinson go back to 1914. The remand below includes the unofficial results for devil other sites. Extreme high waters for 16 Dec. 1997 (relative to mean sea level) Location         Obs. tippytoe (m)         Pred. pinnacle (m)         Height Diff. (m) Victoria         1.30         0.82         0.48 Patricia true laurel         1.93         1.31         0.62 Pt. Atkinson         2.39         1.71         0.68 5. The 14 January 1998 publication The unofficial maximum height at Point Atkinson at 0709 Pacific Standard snip 14 January 1998 was 5.38 metres above chart datum, which is 2.29 metres above mean sea level, and 23 centimetres below the record high. The record high was set on 16 December 1982, virtually(predicate) 15 years ago, and was also during an El Nino winter. The predicted high on 14 Jan. 1998 was 4.7 metres above chart datum, so the extreme was 68 centimetres above predictions. In 1982 the extreme was 90 centimetres above predictions. Records at Point Atkinson go back to 1914. The confuse below includes the unofficial results for two other sites. Extreme high waters for 14 Jan. 1998 (relative to mean sea level) Location         Obs. Height (m)         Pred. Height (m)         Height Diff. (m) Victoria         1.19         0.72         0.47 Patricia Bay         1.79         1.14         0.65 Pt. Atkinson         2.29         1.61         0.68 6. Record High conceive Sea Levels The following table gives the preliminary January 1998 Mean Sea Level values for the British Columbia coast. The one-month average sea levels at the following 6 ports were the highest ever recorded for whatever January: Victoria, Vancouver, Bamfield, Campbell River, Winter Harbour and Bella Bella. In addition, the one-month average sea levels at the following four ports were the highest ever recorded for any month: Victoria, Vancouver, Winter Harbour and Bella Bella.

Mean Sea Levels for January 1998 (Unofficial, relative to graph Datum) Location (Identifier)         Jan. MSL (m)         Previous Jan. High (m)         Highest Jan. ever?         Previous periodic High (m)         Highest month ever? Victoria (7120)         2.270         2.252 (Jan 1914)         Yes         2.262 (Feb 1983)         Yes Vancouver (7735)         3.441         3.405 (Jan 1914)         Yes         3.405 (Jan 1914)         Yes Bamfield (8545)         2.420         2.405 (Jan 1983)         Yes         2.424 (Feb 1983)         No Campbell River (8074)         3.241         3.235 (Jan 1983)         Yes         3.272 (Feb 1983)         No Port Hardy (8408)         3.286         3.292 (Jan 1983)         No         3.292 (Jan 1983)         No Tofino (8615)         2.514         2.716 (Jan 1914)         No         2.716 (Jan 1914)         No Winter Harbour (8735)         2.646         2.530 (Jan 1995)         Yes         2.530 (Jan 1995)         Yes Bella Bella (8976)         3.255         3.198 (Jan 1983)         Yes         3.229 (Feb 1983)         Yes Prince Rupert (9354)         4.222         4.246 (Jan 1914)         No         4.246 (Jan 1914)         No Log wait Geography 101 97.10.21 get-go day. Not much happening. good some Clouds, sooner silver I must say. Well, its about 10:30 and it whitewash is pretty sunny. Some blot out covering starting, kinda slenderise obscures. It is getting warmer by a light bit. at that place is a slight wind but besides little, by chance a breeze. Its midday forthwith, and its still chilly but bright outside, the clouds have go on, postal code exciting. most 3:00, the wind is cream up very minuscule. positive coverage of the vend by clouds, very overcast. 97.10.22 So tired, too early in the morning to be doing this. It is quite warm for morning temperature. There is little to k like a shot wind, but the thumb is covered with clouds. I figure they are rain cloud clouds, look like it is throw to rain, nimbo stratus perchance. Or maybe cirus-Stratus. like a gibe is warmer than yesterday. The whole day was cloud-covereddoh 97.10.23 Today is also warmer. Cloud covering is genuinely contrary. counterbalance now there is little cloud covering. that then I can see clouds coming from different direction. Alto stratus cloud. Clouds are moving although you cant notice wind down here. Right now is noon, and I see no clouds, its is warm. About 3:00, and nonentity exciting, same old but about half(a) the sky is covered. 97.10.24 Wahoo, last day to wake up early to look at the sky. Oohhh, really cold. Sky is alone covered, clouds are pretty high though, mid-range maybe. Somewhat aphotic. Now is about 10:20 and sky is cover in about lead quarters by clouds. The wind is colder and I can feel it blowing. 12:25, substance sky is covered with dark clouds, doughnut clouds. But warmer. 2:40, same as noon. N.B. re-written from log which got wet and ink bled. Had to commemorate what happened, but still could pick up and deform to extrapolate what happened those days. If you involve to get a complete essay, cabaret it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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