Porter’s 5 Forces and Pest Analyses of Kraft Foods Essay

ABSTRACT This paper will show the various analyses of Porter’s 5 Forces upon Kraft Foods as well as a PEST analysis of external factors influencing the company. Porter’s 5 Forces are industry environments: 1. The threat of new entrants to the foods industry (low) Online grocery shopping is proving to be a formidable threat. (Food Retailing Industry, 02/2/12) 2. The bargaining power of suppliers (medium to high) Agriculture has been impoverished by the U. S. drought in 2011-12 causing enormous loss of crops and animals. This devastation has resulted in less supply and much higher price demands. (Lempert, P. 12/12) 3. The bargaining power of customers (medium to high) Poor economic conditions, obesity and other health concerns mean customers are demanding healthier foods and snacks (Lempert, P. 12/12 Baby boomers, millennials, and cultural diversity are using smartphones and apps to search for similar products at better prices (Food Retailing 2/2/12). 4. The availability of substitutes (low) Grow your own, buy fresh foods, and eating out would be alternatives to Kraft’s processed foods. (Kraft Annual Report 10K 12/31/11). For most consumers, time and money constraints would preclude these alternatives. 5. The degree of rivalry among competitors (high) Kellogg holds 34.2% of the cereal market. This is a large percentage considering there is a greater demand for cereal nationwide. Other significant competitors are General Mills, Hershey, Nestle, and PepsiCo. (Kraft Foods Annual Report 2011). PEST analyses represent macro-environment: 1. Political In 2011, political upheaval in Egypt forced Kraft to suspend operations there (Just Food 2/11). Of the 300 workers, 250 joined to form a Union. In 2012, the new government instituted a social allowance which Kraft refused to pay resulting in a 3-day sit-in. Kraft fired five board members hoping to eliminate the union (IUF, May, 2012). This has caused much negative public relations. The Cadbury debacle (Chellel, 5/23/11) also tarnished Kraft’s reputation. 2. Economic Drought has caused raw products prices to rise. Unemployment has caused America’s middle class to shrink from 61% in 1971 to 51% in 2011 (Lempert, P 12/12) 3. Sociocultural The demand for healthier foods and snacks will cause Kraft to examine methods to provide these. The change of packaging and marketing will be necessary (Lempert, P. 12/12). 4. Technical The impact of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter can have devastating effects on Kraft’s reputation (Lempert, P. 12/12). Customers have access to apps that direct them to online grocery shopping and availability of similar products at lower prices. Porter’s 5 forces and PEST analyses of Kraft Foods In this paper, I will examine the effect of Porter’s 5 forces upon Kraft Foods Industry. I will present sources to validate those effects and explain how those sources are relevant. I will also present a PEST analysis using the information gleaned from the previous sources. The references will be critiqued. Porter’s 5 forces Threat of New Entrants (low) Food Retailing Industry: Market Research Reports, Statistics and Analysis http://www.reportlinker.com/ci02212/Food-Retailing.html. This site reports new trends in the retail food industry. It brings the information down to the customer in the grocery store who may now be using a smartphone to find a better price of a comparable product. The consumer’s limited time and demand for quality may be a driving force for online grocery purchases. Since Kraft sells mainly to large resellers, online suppliers may not offer their products. The strength of this article is that it concerns how the end consumer may be willing to change to private label or store brands to save time and money. It is useful in conducting an external evaluation because it focuses on how the consumer is changing grocery shopping and brand allegiances. Its weakness is that it concerns only the retail food industry. It does not address new manufacturing entrants to the food industry. The bargaining power of suppliers (medium to high) Lempert, P. Top Ten Food Trends December 21, 2012 http://www.factsfiguresfuture.com/issues/december-2012/top-ten-food-trends-2013.html. Phil Lempert, the supermarket guru, talks about the devastation that the United States drought in 2012 has caused in the food industry. There were enormous losses of both crops and animals. Because of this situation, suppliers have less supply and demand higher prices. Higher prices of groceries has forced the consumer to take note of how much food is being wasted and investing those grocery dollars in good snacks and healthy meals The author of this article, Phil Lembert, is an author, speaker, and food expert. His consumer panel of more than 100,000 opt-in participants contributes to his website. The strengths lie in the reliability of the author and his work. He addresses many different food trends for this New Year that will impact food manufacturers. However, Lempert only writes from the customer’s point of view, not the manufacturer. This is an especially helpful site to find several factors needed to do a PEST analysis for Kraft, including bargaining power of suppliers. The bargaining power of customers (medium to high) Lempert, P. Top Ten Food Trends (December 21, 2012) http://www.factsfiguresfuture.com/issues/december-2012/top-ten-food-trends-2013.html. Once again, Phil Lempert cites the bargaining power of customers in his article. Poor economic conditions have necessitated smarter use of grocery dollars. The grocery shopper wants quality products for a reasonable price. Pre-packaged whole meals have given way to more home cooking. Food Retailing Industry: Market Research Reports, Statistics and Analysis (February, 2012) http://www.reportlinker.com/ci02212/Food-Retailing.html. Improved technology is adding to the clout that customers have. Baby boomers and millennials are using apps to search out similar products at better prices.

Moral Values Essay

Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between the ones that are good and the ones which are bad. The philosophy of morality is ethics. Morality is a synonym of goodness. Laurence Sterne has rightly said â€Å"Respect for ourselves guides our morals; respect for others guides our manners†. Moral values are important to an individual as it makes one feel peaceful. They give your life a purpose and make it meaningful. Honesty, decency, modesty, kind heartedness, sincerity, forgiveness and gratitude are some of the moral values. It is very easy for a person high in ethics to control his life. It changes your perspective. You only look at the brighter side of anything. The negative forces do not hold you back any more. It becomes easier for you to strive towards your aim in life. Moralistic approach seems virtuous. It helps you bond with the world far and away. Moral values make you trustworthy and accord you a respectable place amongst the others. World can be easily captivated by you as people count on your fair and sincere approach. Not only to others, moralistic approach assists yourself too. Your integrity will allow you to advance in both personal and professional life. Being compassionate is like a big virtue. It helps you deal with any misfortune that comes your way. Also you can be a big support to your friends and fellow beings in their difficult times. While I was studying, in my college days, I was more of a notorious child. Never realising the value of time was one main thing which I used to do. I never used to finish my assignments on time, always used to be late for lectures and even bunking the classes at times. I can still recall number of events where I had submitted late work. I never used to study regularly. Always kept on piling up work till the last day of assessment. A day prior to the exam used to be like hell on earth for me. As I had never prepared for the exam before I usually got low grades in the examinations. My parents always told me to adopt good values but I never listened. My mother always instructed me and even told me the ill results, but as is expected of youngsters I even ignored her. One similar day I went to the college. Walking confidently, showing off myself, typical me. When I reached my classroom what I saw shook my very foundations, it was an exam day. Only because I had never paid attention in the class I didn’t know about it. I somehow mustered my courage and sat for the exam. I saw everyone engrossed in writing and I was all blank. However the day passed. The worst had yet to come. It wasn’t far and the results were out. As expected I flunked in the subject. I was down with shame and disrespect not just because of failing but because of the extremely low grades. My grades were perhaps the lowest in the entire batch. I could not find any place to hide my face. It is still very difficult for me to put it in words how I faced my friends and family post the result. I went home, low and forlorn. The only person I could share it with was my mother. I know she was heartbroken, but she held me tight and told me there is never any time in life when you cannot rise up again and correct your improprieties. I hugged her tight. Her warmth gave me the strength to rise up again. From that very moment I resolved to leave behind all the bad habits and move on the right track. I did stick to this and was always moralist in my approach thereafter. It was then I realised how irreverent and impertinent I was and such a human being is incapable of any type of self-abandonment. He is either a slave of his pride or his egoism which ultimately makes him a prisoner of himself. This is exactly what happened with me. I was blind to values. I never gave things a chance to unfold themselves in their proper character and approached everything in such an importunate way that I only listened to myself and ignored the rest. Now I can proudly say adopting moral values has made me overcome any obstacle that has intervened my way of progress. I ended up my college with outstanding grades not only the result but I also managed to get myself a respectable job. I joined in a company as a business development executive and was eventually promoted to the post of a business development officer. I always wanted to excel in my professional life. But to achieve higher levels I needed higher education. MBA was my dream. But to adhere it I went through a difficult time phase. I was impatient as time was passing by but at the same time I had to be responsible to the compliance. As recognized by Socrates and Plato, it is better to suffer injustice than to commit it; I stuck to my moral values and didn’t lose patience. My hopes were always high. I knew I would attain my dream. Now I am in a foreign land, perusing a different course, for which I waited three long years. Things around me have changed. There is one thing that hasn’t and will not change ever – and that is my values. I follow them and they acknowledge me. I have been through quite a lot of experiences in the recent few years. All I can say is moral values are extremely important for your wellbeing. They will always keep your stress levels lower and help you lead a harmonious life. You are able to direct your behaviour towards beneficial and fulfilling activities. Moral values are the highest amongst all natural values. Positive values are the focus of the world whereas negative values are the greatest evil. Man himself is responsible for all his deeds and actions. Martin Luther King Jr said, â€Å"If we are to go forward, we must go back and rediscover those precious values – that all reality hinges on moral foundations and that all reality has spiritual control†. (Cravvley & Kendall, 2009) In goodness there shines a light which bestows on the good person an intellectual dignity. I feel I am lucky I was born in a family which withholds strong moral values.

Identity Formation Essay

Identity formation is a universal term for young girls and boys who are trying to create themselves once they have that self awareness concept. There are many experiments that show media, peer pressure, and environmental factors contribute towards alternating a person’s identity. Natural observation and the longitudinal study can show the changes that form when a person encounters a social environmental factor that can alter their own identity which; it could be through friends, pressure to fit in, or celebrity envy. Two research methods that would prove to show that media, peer pressure, and social environmental factors do influence identity formation would be studying a participant over a long period time and studying a person in a natural setting with out them knowing. For example doing a longitudinal study on a participant will show the influences of different factors that will have on a certain participant through out their development. Doing this kind of research method will show the progress of changes in that participant’s life and will show the researcher the affect it has on her or his identity development. For example a young girl who always watches celebrities through out her childhood and into her teen years will show an affect on her identity rather then someone who is taught on real life and how people are suppose to look like or act. â€Å"Adolescents who watched music videos were more likely to recognize and relate to the socially competent behaviors demonstrated in the music videos than to the negative images or entertainment only value of the video (Te’Neil Lloyd 2000). † Using a natural setting can show researchers if participants act differently in real life after watching certain movies or shows. Without the participant knowing they are being studied they will show a natural behavior and most likely send out a false identity after being exposed to those social media factors. The downside about using these two research methods can be both participants can drop out anytime they want. Such as using the longitudinal study the young participant can drop out of the study anytime of his/her life. To make sure this study is ethical is to have a parent’s permission for their child to participate in this study over their entire development span. For the natural setting observation study the researchers cannot talk to whoever they are observing which can lead to involvement towards the study and interrupting the natural behavior. To make sure this type of research study is ethical is to not use names and make sure other people cannot find these participants in their community. Or they can tell their participants that they want to observe them, but not tell them when and do the observation randomly. Overall identity formation can be manipulated at anytime in the child’s development stages; media, magazines, and their own peer group can change how they view themselves. Using a natural setting for observation, and longitudinal study can show researchers that social factors and environmental factors can influence identity formation. Overall social media, celebrity shows, and environmental factors have a heavy impact on our lives each day. Many young girls and boys try to find their own medium with all these barriers to overcome with trying to fit in at school or watching TV shows that show unrealistic behaviors and appearances for the real world. â€Å"Teenaged adolescents watch more movies than any other segment of the population. More than 4 million adolescent girls monthly purchase magazines such as Seventeen and Sassy (Evans et aL, 1991), and three-fourths of white females aged 12-14 read at least one magazine regularly (Klein et al. , 1993). Add to this videos, books, and newspapers, and the total amounts to a significant part of the daily experience of adolescents (Jensen Arnett 1995). † This fact shows many girls and boys are exposed to a lot of media, gossip magazines and movies that many people envy for their life and identity to be like.

Fast Spread of Vulgarity through the Internet into the Innocent Minds Assignment

Fast Spread of Vulgarity through the Internet into the Innocent Minds of the Adolescents - Assignment Example The people obtain a study guide, health and fitness tips, devise, share and revise business plans, and minutely observe the changes taking place within their social and natural environment. Hence, from getting information related to personal, domestic, corporate and amusement activities to chatting with the distant friends, and from reading articles of one’s own choice and interest to watching the latest models of automobiles, cell-phones, clothes and furniture are sought out from the internet. Moreover, the scholars, researchers, writers, poets, scientists, architects, lawyers, and intellectuals also have obtained the opportunity of getting and sending material related to their profession and interest by using the same platform. Thus, the internet has got the status of an inevitable product that fascinates and satisfies the individuals belonging to every age group, socioeconomic status, gender, ethnic-racial group and profession. Somehow, instead of taking positive and constr uctive benefit out of this great invention, the nefarious people have included and inserted pornography and filthy material challenging the very moral values, ethics and decency have been followed and observed by humanity for centuries; almost the same is the case with a mobile phone. Though the cell phone was simply invented to send and receive important information of very urgent matter, yet the people have started misusing it by spreading startling news and appalling issues, which should have no concern with the mobile phone. It is the need of the hour to take immediate steps to combat with the very threat in order to eradicate the fast spread of pornography. The authorities should apply blockages to all the sites that contain the words and addresses related to sex and nudity. There must be a ban on the development of the sites that are damaging the moral and ethical values of our society. Though pornography through the internet certainly affects all strata of society, yet it is the most fatal thing particularly for the adolescents, which are the future builders of our society and nation. The authorities should impose banishments on the recording and developing of nude movies so that the young generation could be protected from the mental and physical bankruptcy. The internet and communications regulatory authorities should take urgent steps to prohibit the selling of pornographic material, including video films, CDs, cassettes, books and periodicals, watching of which is swiftly and constantly making the youth the addict of sexual activities, deviant behavior and perversion. The age of puberty and majority for purchasing tobacco, wine, liquor, sex enhancing pills and condoms as well as for joining and attending the clubs should be declared to be 21 years, instead of 18 years, so that sexual excesses and perversions could be mitigated to a great extent. The reports reveal that the grandfathers, uncles, neighbors and stepfathers are involved into forced sex and rape with the minor girls and even boys, which not only are destroying the very fabrics of family and blood relations but are also inviting the complete ruination of the young generation. The law enforcing agencies must announce severe punishments and sentences to the culprits too to save the innocent children from going astray as well as from becoming the victim of rape and incest.

Bay of pigs invasion intelligence failure compared to the sucess of Research Paper

Bay of pigs invasion intelligence failure compared to the sucess of the cuban missle crisis intelligence - Research Paper Example Speculation and the lack of accurate information led to the failure of one and the reliance of accurate intelligence and proper planning led to the success of the other. Bay of Pigs Invasion Intelligence Failure Compared To the Success of the Cuban Missile Crisis Intelligence In 1961, the US attacked Fidel Castrol’s Cuba in a bid to overthrow his government. This attack was that came to be known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion, which turned out to be a complete failure. The US had used an attacking force that had received thorough training and aid that was enough to launch a successful attack anywhere (Hughes-Wilson, 2004). Instead, the military operation at the end was a disaster that completely humiliated the US government at the time. The operation also did not achieve its initial objective which was to bring down Fidel Castro and his government. On the contrary the attack only increased the Cuban’s support for their leader (Walton, 2010). The events leading to this inva sion started way back in 1960. The whole process had been well planned from the word go. On March 17 of that year, President Dwight Eisenhower started this elaborate program to get rid of the government of Cuba. The operation was a CIA project from the very beginning. The intelligence body not only provided necessary information on the invasion details, it also recruited and armed Cuban exiles who would carry out the attack. President John F. Kennedy is the one who authorized the failed attempt to oust Castro and his government. Taking a beachhead, establishing a government and gaining US recognition was all part of the plan (Jones, 2008). Some of the reasons associated with the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion include: the inability of the US forces to defeat the Cuban air force, the overestimation made by the CIA about the willingness of Cubans to support an armed invasion on their government and the selection of an unfit landing site. Before this invasion the CIA, which the Ei senhower had entrusted with the responsibility of removing Castro from power, had tried many other options to get rid of the president. There were attempts made to poison him, there was support of anticommunist groups in Cuba, and radio broadcasts against the Castro regime were aired to Cuba from Florida. There were even some reports that the CIA made contact with the mafia so that they could work together to get rid of Castro. However, none of these tactics worked, but the CIA was not done yet. They planned and executed the invasion of the Bay of Pigs, but even this adverse action failed (Walton, 2010). The invasion was organized with only 1,297 troops that comprised mostly of Cuban rebels who were not in any position to lead an attack against a formidable military. Within two days, the invasion of the US had been quelled by Castro’s forces and several rebels rounded up. The failure of the CIA during the invasion of Bay of Pigs can be contrasted with the success in which the Cuban Missile crisis was handled. This was another crisis that ha the potential to go awry had the intelligence not been accurate. In fact, a few weeks before the crisis, the Special National Intelligence Estimate (SNIE), which was a branch of the CIA, predicted wrongly that the USSR would not place missiles on Cuban soil (Hughes-Wilson, 2004). However, the intelligence gathered after that was enough for the US to plan and identify the missiles before they could be launched. The CIA also gathered enough

Emerging Viruses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emerging Viruses - Essay Example Obviously, it is adaptation which ensures continuity of its kind. While the constituencies of human living cells have not evolved, men have learned how to boost their immune system. This is to maintain good health, and to avoid the dangers of pathogens, without necessarily altering normal physiology. Fortunately, increasing the body's resistance to dreadful diseases has become ordinary because of the intensified information technology as well as the new findings and concoctions in the field of pharmacy. Some may have precautionary vaccines to develop antibodies, and others may have resorted to proper medication when ill with identified pathogens (Engelkirk and Burton, 2007). Unfortunately, these created barriers to the normal multiplication of pathogens, and are the most likely switch factors to the evolution of either the DNA or the RNA, whichever is present in an animal virus that infect cells. Normally, animal viruses complete their customary multiplication cycle in six (6) stages (Engelkirk and Burton, 2007). Initially, viruses attach on recognized receptors, usually proteins or polysaccharides, on surfaces of their specific living host cells ("Transmission of Influenza A Viruses and People-Information from CDC" 81).

Car Advertising Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Car Advertising - Assignment Example Considering the car market in UK, till 1980, the general opinion of Audi was that it was a car built in Europe and customers were not certain of even the nation of building, the technical capacities and the car had no specific image. The car was not clearly positioned according to the Louis Harris Car Image Study. The position of the car changed to some extent and by 1987, the car slowly moved towards the group of prestige cars. This was due to the "Vorsprung durch Technik" Campaign of the 1980s. Though the car was of the same size as Ford and Vauxhall, it was positioned as a car above them in terms of image. Further improvement was achieved in 1995 when Audi took advantage of the marketing opportunities that were available to it and to an extent this was due to the new models that were introduced. These were called Audi A8 and the Audi A4 and both these cars were far better that the previous models that this brand had. (Members only - how advertising helped Audi join the prestige ca r club) The models were liked by the press and the potential customers, and the particular brands have won a number of awards. This range of models was an improvement on the previous models that it had and those were called Audi 80 and Audi 100. Yet the brand had strong opponents in terms of brand names and prices. There were also new launches coming up from the competitors and the brand had not many advantages in terms of product itself. Thus, it was essential to establish the brand on certain parameters. The advantage of the brand getting into the prestige segment was that it would permit the brand to retain value after a few years of usage and this would encourage the users to buy the car. This can be seen in the case of Mercedes C class, Saab 900i, and Ford Mondeo 2.0 Si, where Mercedes retained 87.5 percent of the value, Saab retained 76 percent and Ford retained only 61 percent. Naturally, the car with the highest prestige would provide unseen advantages for its buyer and thus would f ind it easier to sell. (Members only - how advertising helped Audi join the prestige car club) The general positioning in Britain seems to be with Porsche and Ferrari as members of the Super Prestige group, BMW, Mercedes and Jaguar being members of the prestige group; Volvo and Saab being members of the quality cars group; Ford, Vauxhall, Rover and Renault being members of the mainstream cars group and Kia and Proton being members of the budget cars group. The cars in the prestige and super prestige group are able to charge a higher price, while the sales are the highest for the mainstream cars. In terms of positioning, it was always the objective of Audi to be a member of the prestige cars group. (Members only - how advertising helped Audi join the prestige car club) The logic for this is based on volume of production, desired profits and other matters. The consumers also view cars within different groups in a manner that keeps their image in line. The purchasing decision is then based on the cost of the cars and what the user can afford to pay. So far as prestige and super p restige cars are concerned, they charge a premium price and this has to be supported by their image. The positioning of a brand is

Sport in the American City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sport in the American City - Essay Example Cities usually accommodate many people from different background and working in different careers. In the city there is a mixture of different cultures and in the modern cities there appear to be an upcoming new city culture different from the culture of the people in the rural areas. The life in the cities is very different and unique in its own way from the life in the rural areas. One of the challenges facing the modern cities is poor planning which is often couple with less space for expansion and development of facilities for sports and other amenities. The lifestyle in the city is one which encourages a sedentary life. (Melvin, 1986) According to Mueller et al (2007), it has become a concern to many people that in the modern cities, although there is an improved health care and sanitary service, the mortality rate is still higher than expected and it has been concluded that all is not well with the city life. Many people in the rural areas, although having poor access to social basic needs like health care services, are living longer life than many people in the cities. This brings us to a great argument that have been debated the world over, concerning the city life and the future life in our cities. This illustrates that improved medical care and quality lifestyle is not the key to longer life span. It shows that there are other factors that are necessary for and individual to live longer. There are many factors like physical activity, diet, positive thinking and many others that raise the life expectation of individuals. The parameters used to gauge life expectation like improve access to basic health and oth ers have bee defied by occurrences in the in many instances. One of the factors playing a big role in the life of an individual is the kind of life one adopts. One can either lead an active or a sedentary life. We have said that city life encourages sedentary life. The normal city life starts in the morning with a heavy breakfast and then a drive to the place of work. Many workers in the city are white collar job workers and hence they sit all day long with little expenditure of energy. At the end of the working hour, the usual routine is a few beers with friends and then a drive home to the family. This pattern illustrates an inactive life that many city residents undertake. An inactive life has many disadvantages and many dangers to the individual in his present and future life. It has been observed that, residents of cities like Hong Kong and other cities in Japan and China who are very much active and shuns sedentary life have a long life span compared to residents of the American cities. There have been reports that the health care cost of most companies in America cities have been on the rise at an alarming rate. It has been reported that the health care spending on employees for the America companies' rose by 6.1% in 2007 and the cost is expected to rise further in 2008. This has been contributed by inactive life by the inhabitants of the American cites. A recent survey shows that an average medical cost for an active adult per month has been averaging $302 as compared to $228 for adult with an active life style. The monthly payment for medication amounted to $45 for inactive adults compared to $27 for active adults. On health care insurance, monthly spending for inactive adult amounted to $401 as compared to $342 to active adults. The above aggregate shows that the

Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Business Environment - Essay Example The country’s decision regarding the resource allocation represents the economic systems that it practices. Normal economic systems range from market economy to command economy. In a planned or command economy, all the decisions are performed by the government. The role played by the government in such economy is related to the economic decisions, which it formulates by taking advices of the top hierarchical bodies. After the decisions have been finalised, they are enforced upon the bodies presented below the hierarchical level. The production process of any country is usually planned, coordinated and organised by the government. A planned economy involves an intensive deal of strategic planning. It has been further observed that governmental planning of allocation of resources is generally organised in such a manner which facilitates to satisfy the requirements of all the citizens dwelling within a country. The greatest advantage of resource allocation under the vigilance of government is equal distribution of wealth (Palacios & Harischandr, 2008). Free market economy refers to the economic system, wherein decisions are farmed by considering the market mechanism. Demand and supply results frame the vital element of the decisions pertaining to resources allocation. Within the free economy, the government does not interfere in any decision-making process. The advantage of resource allocation in free economy is that the goods are sent to that particular area, where it is in demand. Furthermore, in such economy there exists no requirement for any overriding body to interfere in the decision process (Palacios & Harischandr, 2008). Mixed economy incorporates the characteristics of both the economies discussed above. In such economy, a few of the goods and services are produced by the free-market sector, whereas the other products and services are produced by the government. The balance that exists between the government’s provision and the market econo my provision is equal. Government plays a vital role in the development of mixed economy. Initiatives taken by the government to perk up the industrial development can facilitate to ensure benefit for the dwellers in the economy at large. Moreover, the other crucial benefits of a mixed economy entail the facet of lesser inequality related to the earned income, balanced growth of regions and freedom of possessing private property among others (Palacios & Harischandr, 2008). 2. Assess The Impact Of Higher Taxes On Employees (An Instrument Of Fiscal Policy) And Higher Interest Rate (An Instrument Of Monetary Policy) On The Costs Of Borrowing Of A Business Rise in the taxation rate lays a greater impact on the employees. When tax is charged on a product, it usually increases the rate of it. This excess rate of the product that includes the economic cost is the ‘excess burden’ of the tax. It has been further ascertained that higher rate of taxation usually decreases the grow th along with investment pattern of an individual. Taxes usually disrupt the individuals’

Summary the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary the article - Essay Example conclusion, notes and references with details of writers, Keywords used in the study include bargaining agency fees, free riding, trade union membership and union joining. Free riding has been a contentious issue in Australian industrial relations. 51.7 % employees are considered as deliberately free riding. Implications of findings for union renewal have been discussed in the study. Large numbers of Australian workers take a free ride on union membership gaining the benefits of union coverage without paying costs of provision. Unionists view this as unfair. The study discusses free riding in detail, explains methods used for survey and discusses implications for public policy and union strategy. Unions cannot provide services free of cost but at the same time cannot afford to loose members. Free riding is important issue since it deprives unions of financial resources that could be used for organizing and power resources that could be used at the bargaining table and in the political arena. Data gathered helps to test whether benefits motivate people to join unions or not. The study differentiates between true free riders and induced riders. In USA, free riding is covered by union contracts. Cases in USA, Britain and New Zealand have been discussed as empirical studies. There are varieties of motivations for employees for joining or not joining unions basing on demography and worker characteristics. In Australia, free riding has increased from 1930s to 1990s due to decline in compulsory membership. In1990 agency fee of AUS $ 500 was increased from 300. It was imposed by ETU, and contributed a lot towards free riding. In 2001, fees were challenged but AIRC rejected the chall enge. In 2003, compulsory fees were outlawed under Act 2003 passed by Liberal National Government. Data used is based on AWRPS 2004, which surveyed 1000 Australian workers. Computer assisted telephone interviews were conducted from October

Energy and socity Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Energy and socity - Lab Report Example Molecules absorb and emit energy principally emanating from:- 1. Electron excitation (Exemplified by atoms) 2. Rotational motion 3. Vibration motion The 2nd and 3rd energies are predominantly in molecules, where vibration energy emanates from their atoms’ bonds. Because bonds act like springs while expanding, contracting and bending, so as to produce or absorb energy. In addition, the three energies redistribute themselves in diverse portions of spectrum according to how they react to their preferred portions. Electronic energy dominates UV region while vibration and rotation energies are in the infrared parts. For an absorption or emission to happen within a certain molecule, it evidently depends on bond and atom type which constitutes that entity. N2 and O2 are diatomic gases whose atoms emanate from their parent element and they lack net change in their dipole moment. This implies that IR has no effect on them even though the waves pass through their bonds; hence they have poor absorption characteristics. Conversely, some dissimilar diatomic gases like CO and HC do absorb IR, but their characteristic atomic orientation makes them transitory. This forms an insignificant result on the greenhouse effect where exemplification of IR absorption cannot utilize this categorization. Sun radiations once they hit earth bounce off in the form of long-waves, where atmospheric gases absorb the escaping reflected them. Gases’ absorption is proportional to their distinct wave-lengths, thus shunning the radiations from escaping to the outer space. Figure 1 depicts escaping of solar radiations to the space, but H2O compared to CO2 has a wide range of absorption. The exemplified phenomena do not always exist despite H2O being most dominant, since at various occasions CO2 in regard to their concentration have greater absorption proportions. Figure 2 illustrates absorption of diverse gases and affirms water vapor as the dominant long-wave absorber. Figure 3 depicts diverse gases’ distributions in the ambiance according to their concentrations. Figure 1: Greenhouse Effect – Simplified. Retrieved from http://www.climatedata.info/Forcing/Emissions/files/BIGw07-simplified-radiation.gif.gif Figure 2: Greenhouse Effect - Long Wave Absorption. Retrieved from http://www.climatedata.info/Forcing/Emissions/files/BIGw08-greenhouse-effect.gif.gif Figure 3: Relative Contributions of Greenhouse Gases. Retrieved from http://www.climatedata.info/Forcing/Emissions/files/BIG09-percentage.gif.gif Purpose and hypothesis The core purpose of this lab report is to ascertain varying absorption of infrared photons by diverse GHGs and give clear deductions due to their characteristic behaviors. This encompasses expounding gases’ distinct characteristics coupled with why they adopt a distinct behavior. GHGs possess diverse absorption characteristics that enable them to act in a particular manner when subjected to infrared photons. These characteris tics contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect when solar short-wave after bouncing off the earth’s surface gets trapped by GHGs. H2O among the gases dominates with its overwhelming characteristics, but differ according to day’s air humidity. Procedure Procedure entails having an infrared photon source that produces diverse intensities and whose variations are adjustable. GHGs pass in the path of infrared photo

India vs Bharat Essay Example for Free

India vs Bharat Essay Ancient Indians were not known to have a great sense of history. Historians have had to rely a lot on accounts by foreign travellers and foreign sources to reconstruct our history. And all such sources, including Megasethenes, Fa-hsien and many medieval Arab travellers, have uniformly found that Indians were remarkably law abiding and that crime was very rare. Most historians including A.L. Basham and recent writers like Abraham Eraly have treated such rosy accounts with suspicion merely because prescriptions in legal literature, largely comprising of the Smritis, reflected a more insecure and harsher society. This could either show that these foreign travellers were all fanciful in their writings on ancient India or that these ‘sacred’ texts played a very minimal role in governing the Hindu way of life. Apart from the absurdity of the suggestion that a traveller would lie in praise of a foreign land, the later scenario appears more probable because of another very interesting facet of ancient Hindu society- minimal State interference in the daily life of a citizen. Therefore there was no overarching government administering a code of laws or enforcing punishments to maintain law and order and prevent crimes. The codes of Manu, Katyayana or Narada were largely irrelevant to the common Hindu. There appears to have been a latent realisation that the State and its laws are inherently incapable of creating a crime-free society and the onus for this has to rest more locally; perhaps even on the individual. And it is this realisation that has to dawn in today’s India. The realisation that ’12000 plus police stations in some 7 lakh towns and villages cannot regulate over 110 crore people’. Prof. Werner Menski, in his seminal work on Hindu Law (Hindu Law: Beyond Tradition and Modernity, Oxford University Press, 2003), explains the Hindu view of dealing with crimes most accurately. He writes that despite the recognition of fall in human values from the golden period of early ages, law and punishment in the late classical period were never used to displace â€Å"self-control† as the primary social norm. He writes-†The conceptual expectation of self-controlled order in classical Hindu law would have empowered, in principle if not in practice, all Hindus to determine for  themselves, as individuals subject to the highest order, what they should be doing. A ruler’s claim to make what Hart called ‘primarily rules’ could never have developed in such a conceptual climate, since in the classical Hindu systems such basic rules were to be cultivated in the social sphere and should then be implemented locally and individually in self-controlled fa shion.† It would be quite wrong to assume that the traditional, classical reliance on individual and situational self-control was completely abandoned†¦threats of punishment of are not purely secular†¦as most legal commentators have assumed†¦transgressions of Dharma are also seen as sins, which require penance and/ or attract posthumous consequences.† (Emphasis supplied) Therefore, the recognition that the primary onus of adhering to Dharma is on the individual naturally meant that external/ societal interventions in the form of laws and punishments were superfluous in creating a crime-free society. The emphasis instead was on encouraging a Dharmic conscience among citizens. Prof. Menski explains the current relevance of this idea- â€Å"In this regard it is instructive to refer to the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 which is widely seen as an example of the futile attempts by the state law to abolish socio-legal practices in Indian society†¦disgusted with the horrible stalemate over thousands of dowry deaths every year, some women activists began to call for a moral reappraisal. Yet, does this mean that the wheel of history should in fact be turned be back to Asoka’s idealism? Postmodernist analysis recognises (albeit with some reluctance) that the old Hindu concepts of ‘examining one’s conscience’ (atmanastuti) and ‘model behaviour’ (Sadacara) retain their relevance today. While some modernist commentators have tremendous difficulty with this kind of approach, it cannot be just dismissed out of hand.† What is needed in India today is a moral reappraisal on Dharmik lines. We Indians have come to imbibe amorality. In the western conception of  Individual freedom and liberty, morality is a shackle. A variety of western thinkers including Nietzsche, Freud, Foucault, Marx joined cause in attacking allegiance to ‘morality’ as something that thwarts individual flourishing or sustains certain unequal socio-economic relations. We have subconsciously adapted this attitude of amorality as a natural concomitant of individual freedom or free market; without realising that unlike western morality which was fostered and sustained by the Church and the State Bharatiyamorality is individual-centric and freedom-enabling. It is also important to emphasise, especially in the current context, that our morality is entirely gender-neutral. A Dharmik society or Bharat will render most kinds of activism that we have seen after the Delhi gang rape, especially the feminist variety, redundant. India unfortunately has forgotten to teach its children Dharmic morality. The only moralities we have come to follow are freedom and success. Today we stand in awe of a man from Gujarat who built a great business empire apparently through unethical and morally-suspect means; all in the name of his success. Seven centuries ago Marco Polo stood in awe of a different kind of Gujarati business men- the ordinary merchants of Lata who according to the Venetial traveller â€Å"are among the best and most trustworthy merchants in the world; for nothing on earth would they tell a lie and all that they say is true.† Isn’t this an example of the difference between India and Bharat?

Efficient Database Driven Reverse Mapping Dictionary

Efficient Database Driven Reverse Mapping Dictionary Building an Efficient Database Driven Reverse Mapping Dictionary ABSTRACT With the enormous availability of words in usage it is always being a challenge to find the meaning. Even the versatile speaker may thrash about finding a meaning for certain unheard words. In such cases they need some source for reference like dictionary. In traditional model for using dictionary, forward concept is implemented where it result in set of definition and it may produce a comprehensive phases. This may even confuse the user with the different concept of understanding or sometimes user could not understand the detailed concept. To overcome this concept, we facilitate reverse dictionary in which for any phases or word, the appropriate single word meaning is given. This system also facilitates to provide the relevant meaning even if that word is not available in the database. It will also produce instant output for the user input. 1. INTRODUCTION AND RELATED WORKS 1.1 ABOUT THE PROJECT:- Reverse Dictionary:- A reverse dictionary is a dictionary organized in a non-standard order that provides the user with information that would be difficult to obtain from a traditionally alphabetized dictionary. For example, A Reverse Dictionary of the Spanish Language and Walkers Rhyming Dictionary are reverse dictionaries, the organization of which is based upon sorting each entry word based upon its last letter and the subsequent letters proceeding toward the beginning of that word. Consequently, in these reverse dictionaries all words that have the same suffix appear in order in the dictionary. Such a reverse dictionary would be useful for linguists and poets who might be looking for words ending with a particular suffix, or by an anthropologist or forensics specialist examining a damaged text (e.g. a stone inscription, or a burned document) that had only the final portion of a particular word preserved. Reverse dictionaries of this type have been published for most major alphabetical languages (see numerous examples listed below). By way of contrast, in a standard dictionary words are organized such that words with the same prefix appear in order, since the sorting order is starting with the first letter of the entry word and subsequent letters proceeding toward the end of that word. Reverse dictionaries of this type were historically difficult to produce before the advent of the electronic computer and have become more common since the first computer sorted one appeared in 1974. Another use of the term reverse dictionary is for a reference work that is organized by concepts, phrases, or the definitions of words. This is in contrast to a standard dictionary, in which words are indexed by the headwords, but similar in function to a thesaurus, where one can look up a concept by some common, general word, and then find a list of near-synonyms of that word. (For example, in a thesaurus one could look up doctor and be presented with such words as healer, physician, surgeon, M.D., medical man, medicine man, academician, professor, scholar, sage, master, expert.) In theory, a reverse dictionary might go further than this, allowing you to find a word by its definition only. Such dictionaries have become more practical with the advent of computerized information-storage and retrieval systems Online Dictionary: On Line reverse dictionary lets you describe a concept and get back a list of words and phrases related to that concept. Your description can be a few words, a sentence, a question, or even just a single word. Just type it into the box above and hit the Find words button. Keep it short to get the best results. In most cases youll get back a list of related terms with the best matches shown first. How does it work? On Line indexes hundreds of online dictionaries, encyclopedias, and other reference sites. By now you may have used the standard search available from the home page, which shows you a list of definition links for any word you type in. This is the reverse: Here we search our references for words that have definitions conceptually similar to the words you search for. We do this using a motley assortment of statistical language processing hacks. Online reverse dictionary (RD). As opposed to a regular (forward) dictionary that maps words to their definitions, a RD performs the converse mapping, i.e., given a phrase describing the desired concept, it provides words whose definitions match the entered definition phrase. For example, suppose a forward dictionary informs the user that the meaning of the word â€Å"spelunking† is â€Å"exploring caves.† A reverse dictionary, on the other hand, offers the user an opportunity to enter the phrase â€Å"check out natural caves† as input, and expect to receive the word â€Å"spelunking† (and possibly other words with similar meanings) as output. Effectively, the RD addresses the â€Å"word is on the tip of my tongue, but I can’t quite remember it† problem. A particular category of people afflicted heavily by this problem are writers, including students, professional writers, scientists, marketing and advertisement professionals, teachers, the l ist goes on. In fact, for most people with a certain level of education, the problem is often not lacking knowledge of the meaning of a word, but, rather, being unable to recall the appropriate word on demand. The RD addresses this widespread problem. 2. EXISTING SYSTEM:- In the fact that it is more significant to make a reference for unheard word, user prefers a source like dictionary for better understanding. The performance allows online interaction with users Current semantic similarity measurement schemes that are highly computationally intensive. In this technique, concepts are represented as vectors in a feature (or keyword) space. The two most common methods to achieve this, latent semantic indexing (LSI) and principal component analysis (PCA), both analyze the keywords of documents in a corpus to identify the dominant concepts in the document. Subsequently these dominant concepts are represented as vectors in the keyword space and are used as the basis of similarity comparison for classification. In most implementations of Concept Similarity Problem (CSP) solutions, vectorization is done a priori, and at runtime, only vector distances are computed. Drawbacks It requires the user’s input phrase to contain words that exactly match a dictionary definition; It does not scale well—for a dictionary containing more than 100,000 defined words, where each word may have multiple definitions, it would require potentially hundreds of thousands of queries to return a result. 3. PROPOSED SYSTEM:- Report the creation of the WordStar Reverse Dictionary (WRD), a database-driven RD system that attempts to address the core issues identified above. The WRD not only fulfils new functional objectives outlined above, it does so at an order of magnitude performance and scale improvement over the best concept similarity measurement schemes available without impacting solution quality. We also demonstrate that the WRD is far better in solution quality than the two commercial RDs available. Our reverse dictionary system is based on the notion that a phrase that conceptually describes a word should resemble the word’s actual definition, if not matching the exact words, then at least conceptually similar. Consider, for example, the following concept phrase: â€Å"talks a lot, but without much substance.† Based on such a phrase, a reverse dictionary should return words such as â€Å"gabby,† â€Å"chatty,† and â€Å"garrulous.† However, a definition of â€Å"garrulous† in a dictionary might actually be â€Å"full of trivial conversation,† which is obviously close in concept, but contains no exact matching words. In our RD, a user might input a phrase describing an unknown term of interest. Since an input phrase might potentially satisfy the definition of multiple words, a RD should return a set of possible matches from which a user may select his/her choice of terms. This is complex, however, because the user is unlikely to e nter a definition that exactly matches one found in a dictionary. The meaning of the phrase the user entered should be conceptually similar enough to an actual dictionary definition to generate a set of possible matches, e.g., returning to the â€Å"talks a lot, but without much substance† example, our reverse dictionary should return words like â€Å"garrulous.† Advantages It does so at an order of magnitude performance Scale improvement over the best concept similarity measurement schemes available without impacting solution quality The system architecture diagram enables you to graphically model the applications of a system, and the externals that they interface with and data stores that they use or provide information to. The following information describes the symbols used on the diagram: Application It uses the Application symbol to represent an entire application and graphically show on this diagram how it is related to externals and data stores. Within the application definition, it can specify overall information about the application the process threads in the organization that it enables, the type of team effort being used to build it, etc. To specify more details on the implementation of the application, you can create child Data Flow diagrams or UML diagrams, depending on the nature of the application. Data Flow It can model the flow of data as it moves from one point in the system to another with the Data Flow line. The flow might be between externals and applications, or applications and data stores. Within the data flow you can model the data elements and data structures used. Data flows can split into two or more flows, or they can join to one from two or more flows. Material Flow It can model the direction of the flow of physical items and materials in the system with the Material Flow line. The flow might be between externals and applications, or applications and data stores. Data Store A Data Store symbol is where data rests when it is neither flowing nor being operated on. A data store can be a database, hard disk, floppy disk, or a file on a disk. Multi-Data Store A Multi-Data Store symbol is used to denote that multiple instances of the data store exist. This convention is used to avoid drawing a copy of a schema for each equivalent data store when you build a data model. External An External symbol represents an object that sends information or data to the system, or takes information from the system, but is not itself part of the system. Multi-External A Multi-External symbol is used to denote that multiple instances of the external exist. 4. CONCLUSION:- In this paper, we describe the significant challenges inherent in building a reverse dictionary, and map the problem to the well-known conceptual similarity problem. We propose a set of methods for building and querying a reverse dictionary, and describe a set of experiments that show the quality of our results, as well as the runtime performance under load. Our experimental results show that our approach can provide significant improvements in performance scale without sacrificing solution quality. Our experiments comparing the quality of our approach to that of Dictionary.com and OneLook.com reverse dictionaries show that the Wordster approach can provide significantly higher quality over either of the other currently available implementations 5. REFERENCES IEEE:- [1] R. Baeza-Yates and B. Ribeiro-Neto, Modern Information Retrieval. ACM Press, 2011. [2] D.M. Blei, A.Y. Ng, and M.I. Jordan, â€Å"Latent Dirichlet Allocation,† J. Machine Learning Research, vol. 3, pp. 993-1022, Mar. 2003. [3] J. Carlberger, H. Dalianis, M. Hassel, and O. Knutsson, â€Å"Improving Precision in Information Retrieval for Swedish Using Stemming,† Technical Report IPLab-194, TRITA-NA-P0116, Interaction and Presentation Laboratory, Royal Inst. of Technology and Stockholm Univ., Aug. 2001. [4] H. Cui, R. Sun, K. Li, M.-Y. Kan, and T.-S. Chua, â€Å"Question Answering Passage Retrieval Using Dependency Relations,† Proc. 28th Ann. Int’l ACM SIGIR Conf. Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pp. 400-407, 2005. [5] T. Dao and T. Simpson, â€Å"Measuring Similarity between Sentences,† http://opensvn.csie.org/WordNetDotNet/trunk/Projects/Thanh/Paper/WordNetDotNet_Semantic_Similarity.pdf (last accessed 16 Oct. 2009), 2009. [6]Dictionary.com, LLC, â€Å"Reverse Dictionary,†http://dictionary. reference.com/reverse, 2009. [7] J. Earley, â€Å"An Efficient Context-Free Parsing Algorithm,† Comm. ACM, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 94-102, 1970. [8] Forrester Consulting, â€Å"Ecommerce Web Site Performance Today,† http://www.akamai.com/2seconds, Aug. 2009. [9] E. Gabrilovich and S. Markovitch, â€Å"Wikipedia-Based Semantic Interpretation for Natural Language Processing,† J. Artificial Intelligence Research, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 443-498, 2009. [10] V. Hatzivassiloglou, J. Klavans, and E. Eskin, â€Å"Detecting Text Similarity over Short Passages: Exploring Linguistic Feature Combinations Via Machine Learning,† Proc. Joint SIGDAT Conf. Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora, pp. 203-212, June 1999.

The revenues and profits of TESCO

The revenues and profits of TESCO Tesco Plc is the third largest retailer in the world in terms of revenues and second largest in terms of profits. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesco ). Tesco is a conglomerate business which offers alternative goods and services such as food, insurance, banking, fuel, online shopping-through its subsidiary Tesco.com, optician, mobile, clothing etc. Tesco has designed various outlets to meet different customers needs. The United Kingdom (UK) is the companys largest market. Tesco operate under four banners namely Express, Metro, Extra and Superstore. Retail analysts have identified three main reasons for this. Tescos are everywhere; Sell to everyone; Sell everything Tesco has a market share of 30% in the UK according to the data from TNS world panel. Tescos market share is double than its closest competitor Asda Supermarket which has a market share of 17% in UK. In UK there are more than 2280 stores and internationally it has 2077 stores. Around 469,000 staff work for Tesco and about 283,000 of them work in UK. Tesco almost has sixteen and half million club card members in UK and twenty million outside the UK, in nine countries across the globe. (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/apr/21/tesco-facts). Tesco have stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe, North America, Malaysia and Thailand. Tesco was set up in 1919 by Jack Cohen and is now the biggest private sector employer in the UK. Tescos first store was open in 1929 Burnt oak in Edgware. Since overtime the company is growing and developing and responding to the dynamic environment. Tescos main competitors are Asda, Sainsbury, and Morrisons TESCOS VALUES The core value of Tesco is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. Our success depends on people; the people who shop with and the people who work with us. No one tries harder for customer: (understand customers, be first to meet their needs, act responsibly for our communities) Treat people as we like to be treated. (Work as a team, trust and respect for each other, listen, support and say thank you share knowledge and experience) All the above mentioned in Tescos Every little Helps Strategy. (www.tescoplc/ourvalues) Tescos planning process runs each year on a quarterly basis in May, August and November, which helps to adjust staffing level and recruit new staffs when necessary. This allows Tesco to get sufficient time and flexibility to meet the demands for staffs and allows the company to meet its strategic objectives, for example open new stores and maintain customer service levels. The organization applies Maslows theory of motivation to internally motivate esteems needs of their employees by recognizing the importance of motivating their staff to progress their career within the company. Tesco practice of so called talent planning which will encourage people to work their way through, on the steps that will help the organization achieve its business goals and employees to achieve their personal and career goals. (http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyrecruitment-selection132-323-2.php) Goals and objectives of the organization The goals and objectives of a company is what the company hopes to achieve in a specific time period. It is the reason for the existence of the organization; it is what drives the organization, the employees and management in their day to day activities. Tescos goals and objectives are: 1. To maximize sales 2. To grow and maintain the number one retail company in the United Kingdom 3. Tesco wants to outshine their competitors and remain the market leader 4. The main aim of Tesco is to maximize profit 5. To provide goods/services that is cheap and affordable to consumers or the public (http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_aims_and_objectives_of_Tesco) According to Tesco their core purpose is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. They further go on to state that their success depends on people, both those who shop with and work with them. As Britains largest retailer and the number three in the world, Tesco endeavors to meet their lofty objectives by providing their customers with excellent value for their money with highly competitive prices and top notch customer service. Ultimately by pleasing, their customer and capturing their business for life, this will make them a highly profitable business and in turn also please their shareholders. The aims and objectives of Tesco are based on product, price, place and public. Tesco place is a wide supermarket chain and is one of the biggest in the world. Inclusive in its general aims is also the need for survival and meeting stake holders needs. Subtly underlying all of Tescos beliefs, values, policies and practices is the aim to retain loyal customers. Tesco has captured this in their mission statement, which says to Retain Loyal People. In order to achieve this goal Tesco gives out club cards to its customers and gives them points anytime they come shopping. Organizations structure and design The purpose of organizational structure is to define the protocols, parameters and the procedural process necessary for a group to achieve the organizational objectives. In many organizations structure is a communication channel through which information is passed. No one structure is the best one. Structure will depend on the organization size, when the organization is big it has to have a formal organizational structure. Structure is the pattern of relationships among positions in the organizations and among members of the organization. Structure of the organization does not only affects productivity and economic efficiency but it also increases the morale and job satisfaction of the employs. Drucker (1989) stated that good organization structure does not by itself produce good performance. But a poor organization structure makes good performance impossible, no matter how good the individual managers may be. To improve organization structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦will therefore always improve performance. Importance of good structure is emphasized by child as the allocation of responsibilities, the grouping of functions, decision-making, coordination, control and reward all these are the fundamental requirements for the continued operation of an organization. The quality of an organizations structure will affect how well these requirements are met. Child (1988). Mannud (1999) emphasized that organizational design is a key feature for allowing an individual to achieve their personal needs as well as objective of the organization. The structure and design of an organization will determine if the goals of the organization and that of the work force would be achieved. The organizational design provides a framework within which the individual and group can work effectively in order to meet collective goals. The various types of organizational structure includes flat, hierarchical, functional, divisional, matrix among others. Some organizations may use one or a combination of two structures to run the organization more smoothly depending on the size and situation of the organization. In our research we discovered that Tesco use a combination of both the flat (decentralization) and hierarchical structure to run the organization effectively. Decentralization structure is mainly used when the organization is big in size and is geographical separated from different parts of the organizations. Decentralization is integrated with empowerment and delegation which brings about autonomy in the organizations. Source http://www.learnmanagement2.com/flat%20structure.htm Hierarchical structure has a various levels within the organization; each level is one above the other. Each level in the hierarchy structure has different levels of power, management and authority. A hierarchy structure defines roles of each employee within the organizations and their relationship with other employees. Source http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Virtual-Organizations.html Tesco have two organizational structures; one for the company as a whole, which is hierarchical structure, with just six levels between chief executives and the check out staffs. The other structure is flat (decentralization) structure used in each of their stores. The store structured used by Tesco is very easy to understand as it clearly shows control of each level and because of its simplicity it allows employees to see who is in charge of each department or who their department or line managers are. Impacts of the structured used by Tesco Regardless of what form of structure is adopted, whether hierarchical, flat or matrix, it has an impact on the organizational effectiveness. There is no one best structure to use but rather it depends on the organization size and situation that meets the need of the organization in order to achieve its goals and objectives. A clear organizational design and the establishment of a strong organizational structure can increase or maximize a companys effectiveness. Impacts of the hierarchical structure on Tesco In the hierarchical structure it is easy to implement a common policy in the organizations, as a whole and it provides a consistent strategy throughout the organization. This structure helps to improve economies of scale and reduce management cost. Hierarchical structure encourages greater use of specialization and improved decision making as the instructions comes from the top authority. According to McGregor (1960), Theory of X, where workers are seen as rational economic individuals, people are naturally lazy and have an inherent dislike of work. The average person avoids responsibility, prefers to be directed. Therefore, most people must be controlled, directed, coerced and threatened with punishment in order to enable organization to achieve its goals. On the other hand, the hierarchical organizational structure can have adverse effect on the organizations effectiveness. Organizations can be bureaucratic and respond slowly to changing customer needs and the market within which the organization operates. The decision making will be slow which will affect the organization. The hierarchical structure restricts personal growth and self- realization which will lead to failure, frustration and conflicts. Communication across various sections can be poor especially horizontal communication. The hierarchical structure also leads to low motivation and morale. This is because there is not enough delegation. Lack of clarity and relevant, timely information to the right people and inadequate procedures for revaluation of past decision can lead to late and inappropriate decision. Impacts of decentralized structure of TESCO; Decentralized organization structure makes manager feel more comfortable at his position and will be able to take decisions with ease. Staffs will have more responsibilities which will empower them in decision making and in turn will motivate employees and increase productivity. It creates improved communication between staff and management. It also enables the staff to judge the situation within their working environment thereby expanding their knowledge and experience. In this structure top bottom chain of command is short but on the other hand Span of control is much wider than others which will improve the efficiency of organization. Decentralization structure can limit the business growth. When there is any change which needs to be implemented, employees will not fully accept it and will take a long time before it will be fully embraced by the whole organization. At times employees have more than one manager, this often obstruct the performance of an organization because managers want to apply different methods according to their own finding or ideas, so it becomes a barrier in a way of proper communication among the staff and their superiors. The internal and external environment in which the organization is operating INTERNAL FACTORS EXTERNAL FACTORS OF TESCO PESTEL stands for Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Environmental and Legal factors. Its purpose is to assess the industry in which an organization operates. Examples of each factor are: Political Tax policies, Trade restrictions, Tariffs. Economic Economic growth, Interest rates, Inflation rates. Sociological Culture, Health consciousness, Age distribution. Technological Ecological aspects, Research and development, rate of technological change. Legal Health and safety laws, Consumer laws and regulations. Environmental Recycling policies, pollution. Due to the nature of the Tescos organization with particular reference to how it has branded and marketed itself, and the current economic climate, the assessment of external factors by a PESTEL analysis has been crucial in Tescos success. This is because Tesco has taken into account the implications for consumers, employees, stakeholders, associated organizations and the companys mission statement. Political factor: Politically, the credit crunch may lead to higher numbers of unemployment. As one of the largest and fastest growing retailers more jobs will be available with Tesco therefore helping to reduce the levels of unemployment. As Tesco is an international organization having stores in several countries, thus Tesco will be influenced by the political and legislative conditions of those countries, including European Union. Government encourages retailers to provide a mixture of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs under employment legislations. Tesco employs large numbers of, students, disabled and elderly workers, often paying them lower rates. In an industry with a typically high staff turnover, these workers offer a higher level of loyalty and therefore represent desirable employees. Economical Factors: Economic factors are of concern to Tesco, because they are likely to affect demand, costs, prices and profits. On the economy side one of the most influential factor is the unemployment rate, which reduces the effective demand for many goods, adversely affecting the demand for such goods to be produced. These factors are largely beyond the control of the company, but its performance and marketing mix is profound. Although Tescos international business is still growing, but still it is highly depended on the UK market. Tesco controlled 30.8% of the UK grocery market as of May 2009 and 9% of the UK non-food retail market. The majority of its sales and profits are generated in its 2,282 UK stores, which are segmented into the following formats: Tesco Express neighbourhood convenience store that focuses on fresh products, 961 stores Tesco Metro city centre convenience store,174 stores Tesco Superstore conventional supermarket, 448 stores Tesco Extra hypermarket that serves an entire community, 177 stores Tesco Home plus and One-Stop account for its remaining stores The company also sells general merchandise through Tesco Direct; its online and catalogue businesses. Tescos strategy of following the shopper remains more relevant now than ever, and this has helped the business to move into 2010 on the front foot, following strong trading over the key Christmas period. Having increased UK sales by  £3.6bn last year, Tesco remains heavily focused on delivering growth, offering significant scale opportunities across its estate. And with Tesco now seeing signs of wider economic recovery coming through, the retailer is targeting significant growth ahead. Club card is attracting new shoppers to Tesco stores, while the proposition is being reinforced in-store as new range initiatives are developed. Add to this an ambitious expansion plan for the UK and a growing international opportunity for suppliers, and the attraction of Tesco as a retailer account grows further. Tescos has reported a pre -tax profit of  £1.6m in half year and sales were boosted by strong Asian sales. Sales growth is UK has increased by 5% in contrast to Asia in the past three months. Overall Tescos sales grew by 8.3% to  £32.9bn. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11474282) Tesco has also announced to hire 16,000 new staffs this year, out of which 9,000 will be hired in UK. Sociological factors: The Sociological aspect of the PESTEL analysis for Tesco involves considerations such as the increase in immigration of Eastern Europeans or increase in young professionals. Change in customers taste and preferences have to be considered when carrying out strategic analysis. Current trends show that customers have begun to move to one-stop and bulk shopping, which is due to changes in society. Naturally there is always a demand for new product, hence Tesco have to offer a range of products for their customers to choose from. Due to demographic changes such as the aging population, an increase in female workers and a decline in home cooking means that UK retailers need to also focus on value added products and services. As the awareness of organic product grows customers are now buying more organic foods, TESCO has the largest share of organic product sales, selling over 1200 organic product lines. Technological factors: Technological factors which have perhaps had the most impact on Tesco have been the growth in the use of the internet. When new technologies are introduced in the business, it benefits both the customers and the company thus increasing customer satisfaction because commodities are readily available. The TESCO website, www.tesco.com is the largest online supermarket in the world. Tesco stores uses following technologies: Wireless devices Radio Frequency Identification Self check-out machine Intelligent Scale Electronic shelf labelling The use of Electronic Point of Sale (Epos), Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTPoS) and electronic scanners have greatly improved the efficiency of distribution and stocking activities, with needs being communicated almost in real time to the supplier. Finch, (2004). They have capitalized on the use of online shopping and provide a delivery service through their website at www.tesco.com. Customers can now shop without physically going to the stores; hence they are able to retain this clichà © of customers who have little time to go in stores. Through the use of extranet system Tescos communication flow between the company and its business partners is very effective and hence facilitates collaborative relationship. Tescos investment into technology like wireless devices, intelligent scale, and electronic shelf labelling, self check-out machine and radio frequency identification (RFID) systems helps support smooth daily operations of the business. Environmental Factors As Tesco continues to expand its Corporate social responsibility is of a great paramount in order to meet its obligation to its stakeholders through specified regulations and corporate governance. Tesco uses fossil fuel in its transport network and also encourage its customers to make low carbon choices. In 2008, Compassion in World Farming (CIWF) awarded TESCO, the Rotten Egg Award for failing to make any commitment to end sale of eggs from caged hens. In 2004 Graiser and Scott stated that, the government had plans to launch a new strategy of reducing production waste and consumption resource in order to minimise environmental damage. Legal factors: In the current economic situation, many small businesses are not able to enter the market. Under the EU law, if there is an organization with a largest market share dominates. With this problem the quality of products and services will be compromised and thus demanding high prices. The governments policies for monopoly controls and reduction of buyers power can limit entry to this sector with such controls as license requirements and limits on access to raw materials -Mintel Report (2004), Myers (2004). In order to implement politically correct pricing policies, Tesco offers consumers a price reduction on fuel purchases based on the amount spent on groceries at its stores. While prices are lowered on promoted goods, prices elsewhere in the store are raised to compensate. Factors affecting employee productivity Ways of motivating key workers need to define motivation , talk about extrinsic and intrinsic motivation = total rewards Motivation is one of the earliest concerns of organizational behaviour. It is internal and external forces and influences that drive an individual to achieve certain specific goals. People are motivated when they expect that a course of action is likely to lead to the attainment of a goal a valued reward that satisfies their particular needs. Well motivated people are those with clearly defined goals who take action that they expect will achieve those goals. According to La Motta (1995), motivation is simply the reason individuals have for doing the things they do. In day-to-day society many different things motivate people, and that which motivates one person may not necessarily motivate another. In other words, a motivated person is always aware of the fact that a specific goal must be achieved, and would direct their effort at attaining that goal. Nel et al (2001). According to Locke (1997), motivation is determined by goal directedness, human volition or free will, and perceived needs and desires, sustaining the actions of individuals in relation to themselves and to their environment. THE ELEMENTS OF A TOTAL REWARDS PROGRAMME Armstrong and Mullin (1991) suggest four main areas that should be addressed in a reward management system. These are: Pay structures, which by combining the results of market surveys and job evaluation, define the levels of pay in the organisation; Employee benefits that satisfy the needs of employees for personal security and provide remuneration in forms other than pay which include pensions, insurance cover, sick pay and a number of other perks. Non-financial rewards which satisfy employees needs for variety, challenge, responsibility, influence in decision-making, recognition, training, career development opportunities and high quality leadership. Performance management that provides the basis for continuing as well as formal reviews of performance against targets and standards. A performance management system usually leads to the development of training and development programmes that meet the need for growth and achievement. It also leads to the design of performance-related pay systems that has an impact on bonus and incentive payments. Performance management is a strategic and integrated process that delivers sustained success to organizations by improving the performance of the people who work in them and by developing the capabilities of individuals contributors and teams (Michael Armstrong pp391). If a persons skills are not utilized up to the full, they will they will be demotivated. Tesco recently received an award from National Business awards Employer of the year when the judges declared that Tesco was voted employer of the year because its solutions were seen to be more holistic. Tesco recognizes that motivated staffs are committed to their work and hence companys performance will increase. http://www.trainanddevelop.co.uk/view_article.php?ArticleID=78 Tesco has many ways in which they motivate their workers. This has gone a long way to help them improve on their quality of services and their profits for the past years. Tesco motivates its employees through the following way: Staff Training Tesco gives training to staff, to make sure that they are competent and ready for the job. They ensure that their customers have the best services through the staff and management team. This does not only make the employee to be ready to work, it also makes them to be confident and motivated to work. So in being confident and sure of giving out the best to the customers, employees will put in their best in order to satisfy the needs of the customers. Discount for staff purchases: Employees of Tesco are given the opportunity to buy good from their super market at a discount of ten percent. This is an advantage to Tescos employees. This is done so that employees will feel recognized and been treated fairly at the work place. When employees feel that they are being treated fairly and they are happy, they turn to do their work more effectively and efficiently thus achieving the set objectives and goals of the company. Communication: Communication between staff, customers and management has to be good. This is so because it makes the employees to feel happy that their problems and opinion in the organization are important. Tesco makes sure that they have new and more open lines of communication between managers and staff, to avoid conflict and lack of flow of information. Directors and senior managers spend a week on shop floor listening to ideas and suggestions from customers and staff. This makes the employees feel better and secured at the work place. They feel happy that their ideas have got a place in management decision making, and that keeps them highly motivated. Free uniforms: Tesco gives out their uniforms to their workers for free in order for them not to think that they are being exploited or being used. Free or reduced rate health insurance: Tesco provides health insurance for free or at a much reduced rate for its employees. This makes the employees happy and confident in their employer. It indicates that their employer is concerned about their well-being and not just the work. So this makes employees to be happy and it increases efficiency in the work place. Holidays: Tesco recognizes that their employees are human beings and that they need rest as well. They respect the holidays of their employees and make sure that they are Open opportunities: Tesco gives their employees equal opportunities to be promoted when they work hard. So employees are being promoted in the organization when they put in more efforts. This makes them to work hard and feel motivated to work, because they know that after hard work comes promotion and power. By doing this productivity and efficiency and turn over increases. Bonus: Employees are given bonuses when the work hard besides their others discount they having for working at Tesco. When efficiency and productivity increases, turnover increases too. So when this happens, employees are motivated through bonuses. Competitive salaries: Company share options: This is another option that Tesco feels it motivates their key workers most especially their top management employees. The top management employees are given options to become shareholders after long years of services and hard work at Tesco. When employees of top management has reached a certain level of the hierarchical pyramid of the organization in Tesco, the board of directors gives that employee an opportunity to acquire a share and become one of them. Flexibility at work: Discount gym membership: Tesco uses this point as a form of motivation for its employees. When employees work hard, in order to motivate them, they are given a discount so that they can become members at their gym. So this makes them happy and has a sense of belongingness and they feel accepted and recognized by their employer. Appraisal systems and organizational record keeping Appraisal systems Balance scorecard: It is a method which Tesco uses to appraise its employees. It is applied to performance management system and it points out and breakthrough defects in single applications of financial indicators which measures performances of employees. The value of performance management appraisal system based on the introduction of the customers, internal business, processes, employees learning and growth and financial factors. It also controls the management system mechanism, the strategy of application, application limitations and outlook on the future of the business. Leadership: Employees are also appraised through their way of leadership in Tesco. This is done through the nineteen leadership competencies which were identified through their in-depth job analysis of leadership. Any employees regardless of their years of experience in a particular position may be put into the development phase at any time upon their request or when the supervisor suggests. Working in this particular phase, the employees focuses their energy and attention on specific leadership competencies which will help them achieve their objectives and increase turn over. Strategic evaluation: Tescos evaluation systems are performed through effective decomposition of the business strategy. This is so that each employee will clearly establish themselves in the organization under the strategy and their responsibilities; it should be more of how to take actions to ensure the achievements of objectives. So this performance evaluation system is to connect the strategic Organizational Record Keeping: Website resources record keeping: The company keeps most of their information on their website. This website is updated on a daily basis, and information is usually not removed once it is posted there. So it is one of the very safe places where records of the organization are kept for as long as possible. Document storage: Records are also kept in the form of documents that is in hard and soft copies. This documents are considered as important to the organization, then they now keep them for future reference. Document location system: There is a particular system created for storage of document, so that in case this document is needed, they do not have to go through all other documents before getting what they want. They just need to get into the system, then they will get it at once. So this is less time consuming and accurate. Conclusion References Armstrong and Mullin (1991) Child (1988), J. Organization: a Guide to Problems and Practice, 2nd edition, Paul Chapman (1988), p.531 Drucker, P.F. the practice of management, Heinemann Professional (1989), p.223 Finch, (2004) La Motta (1995) Locke (1997) Nel et al (2001) Mannud.L, (1999) Michael Armstrong pp391 Mintel Report (2004), Myers (2004) Websites http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesc

Smoke Signals by Sherman Alexie Essay -- Movies Native Americans Histo

Smoke Signals by Sherman Alexie Smoke Signals is a movie written by Sherman Alexie and directed by Chris Eyre that deals with many social issues in modern Native American cultures. The film follows the journey of two Coeur d’Alene Indians, Victor and Thomas, as they travel from their reservation in Oregon to Phoenix, AZ in order to gather the personal artifacts of Victor’s father who has recently died. Along the way, Thomas helps Victor to understand and forgive his father, who left the family when Victor was a young boy. Victor’s father, Arnold Joseph, saved both of the boys from a fire that he inadvertently caused on the 4th of July when the boys were mere babies. Although the boys were saved, Thomas’s parents both died in the blaze. Since then, Arnold Joseph has carried the guilt of what he has done silently, using alcohol to try and bury the memory. As the years progress Arnold Joseph begins abusing his family, which finally leads to his wife telling him that there will be no more dr inking after she realizes what it is doing to their son. Arnold Joseph once again runs from the situation, much like he did the night of the fire, unable to handle the consequences of his actions. Arnold flees to Phoenix, AZ where he carries out the rest of his days, never speaking to his family again, but silently wishing that he could go back home. He dies before overcoming his feelings of guilt, and upon hearing of his death Victor decides to go to Phoenix to retrieve his fathers personal artifacts. Victor has no money with which to fund his trip south, however his friend Thomas offers him enough money to make the journey provided that Victor brings him along. Together, they set out on a bus to Phoenix, and along the way, with the help of... ...ld. On the surface of the movie, we see two young Indian men, traveling south together on a journey that will lead to the healing of their friendship, as well as one of them coming to terms with his past. But deeper in the movie, we are left to find our own story, if we so choose; one that will vary from person to person if you care to ask. For me I found that to this day, the Native Americans still lead a rough life due to what the white man has done to them in the past. However, instead of buckling under the pressure of centuries, much of their culture still struggles and lives on inside each successive generation. I would recommend this movie to anyone, and I'm sure that I will end up sending it to my family back home. Not only would I recommend watching the movie, but I would urge all to see beneath the surface story and find the hidden messages underneath.

The Self-confidence of Jane in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay

In the Webster's online dictionary, self-confidence is defined as confidence in oneself and in one's powers and abilities. A famous quote by Jim Loehr says, "With confidence, you can reach truly amazing heights; Without confidence, even the simplest accomplishments are beyond your grasp." Confidence in yourself does not come without effort. One must believe in themselves, and not let someone change their beliefs. In the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, Jane shows self-confidence throughout the novel, by possessing a sense of self-worth, dignity, and a trust in God. At the beginning of the novel while Jane is living under her aunt, Mrs. Reed, she is treated disrespectfully and cruelly. She accuses Jane of being deceitful and a troublesome girl in front of Mr. Brocklehurst, the master of Lowood School. Jane is so hurt by this accusation that she cannot stop herself from defending her well being, and she stands up to her aunt. She knows she is being treated disrespectful and has much more self-worth than ...

Applying Theory to Practice Essay

Theory offers procedure and arrangement to nursing knowledge and provides a methodical way of collecting data to define, clarify, and forecast nursing practice (McEwen & Willis, 2011). Nurses use nursing theory to develop a certain outlook about patient care. Nursing theories serve as a shared groundwork for nursing practice across all settings to develop better patient care outcomes. This paper will explore childhood obesity and then apply to practice a mid-range and a borrowed nursing theory to the practice problem. Childhood obesity is a national problem that crosses all economic and social lines. Overweight children and adolescents are in jeopardy of having heart disease, such as hyperlipidemia or hypertension. In a varied group trial of 5- to 17-year-olds youths, 70% of overweight youth had at least one risk factor for heart disease (Freedman, Zuguo, Srinivasan, Berenson, & Dietz, 2007). Overweight youth are at higher risk to develop Type II diabetes (Li, Ford, Zhao, & Mokdad, 2009). Type II diabetes increases the risk of long term complications such as renal disease, visual impairment, cardiovascular disease, amputation, neuropathy, up to and including death. Youth that are overweight are also at higher risk for musculoskeletal issues, sleep disorders, socio-economic problems due to families inability to obtain medications and treatment. Overweight youth are also at risk of psychological problems such as being bullied in school, depression, suicide, and poor self-esteem (Dietz, 2004). Children and adolescents who are obese often carry this into adulthood and become obese adults. This sets them up for the likely hood of adult health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and osteoarthritis (Guo & Chumlea, 1999). Some of the long term ramifications of childhood obesity include but are not limited to many types of cancer, including cancer of the breast, colon, endometrium, esophagus, kidney, pancreas, gall bladder, thyroid, ovary, cervix, and prostate, multiple myeloma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Kushi et al., 2006). There are so many short term and long term emotional and physical ramifications associated with childhood obesity that it warrants research and study. Childhood obesity is preventable and treatable. As a society it is time that measures were put into place to reduce the ever increasing numbers of children dealing with childhood obesity on a daily basis. There also seems to be a tendency for obesity to be passed down from generation to generation not because of genetics alone, but because of the learned lifestyle of the family. To treat children and adolescents for obesity it is going to take educating and treating the entire family unit. References Dietz, W. H. (2004). Overweight in childhood and adolescents. New England Journal of Medicine, 350(), 855-857. Freedman, D. S., Zuguo, M., Srinivasan, S. R., Berenson, G. S., & Dietz, W. H. (2007). Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: the Bogalusa heart study. Journal of Pediatrics, 150(1), 12-17. Guo, S. S., & Chumlea, W. C. (1999). Tracking of body mass index in children in relation to overweight in adulthood. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(), 145-148. Kushi, L. H., Byers, T., Doyle, C., Bandera, E. V., McCullough, M., & Gansler, T. (2006). American cancer society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: Reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 56(56), 254. Li, C., Ford, E. S., Zhao, G., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). Prevalence of prediabetes and its association with clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors and hyperinsu linemia among US adolescents. Diabetes Care, 32(). McEwen, M., & Willis, E. M. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing (3 ed.). Philidelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer .

To What Extent Does Cultural Background Influence Ones Perception of Human Beauty

To what extent does heathenish footing influence wizs recognition of benignant sweetie? smasher is in the eye of the beholder. This celebrated quote simply expresses the prevalent conceit of sweet centerfield has no intrinsic or definite consequence. From this, superstar target gain that lulu brush off be energy more than the inborn detection of human individuals-it is either found on ones image and proclivity. However, it is not just to say that anything enkindle be considered as beautiful, thus contradiction in terms does not exist in lores of dish aerial.As one can see, there ar certain guidelines to yellowish pink. Whether it is the inner or outermost dish antenna of a human being, the purpose of salmon pink that society imposes is all shape from general consensus. Then perhaps Beauty is not ones own, scarcely a reflection of ones finale. Even though nothing can be defined as absolute debaucher, due to the limitation ones cultural backgrounds readyd from the subjective nature of perception, Human beings in the end will still merge their perception of beauty to a everyday head of understanding.The rift in the perception of physical beauty between cultures can be placed on two ends of a spectrum. In both westbound and Eastern Cultures political theory of beauty, having a slender body is traitificant to be considered as an attractive woman. However, as we shift our view to the third land countries in Africa, this measure takes a forceful turn and becomes weak and meaningless. In those countries where scantness and diseases are the plays a key role, plumpness-being the sign of health, wealth and fertility is the ideal beauty of a woman.Moreover, a cultures own tradition of beauty cannot be overlooked. Padaung women of the Kayan people wear a finicky ornament called neck rings slightly the neck of an individual to create a visual appearance of a stretched ample neck. This tradition of elongating necks to ach ieve beauty is believably not certain by others. Furthermore, the influential power of media cultural also alters ones perception. The fancy of beauty in men displayed by the Japanese pop idols with distinctly womanly features is also one of the rare occurrences in perception.Despite the range of diametric perception of beauty presented in varies cultural, they are all collided to establish one fact-that is to be accepted still the general consensus within their culture. However, speaking of acceptance, all the rift between cultures perception of physical beauty are stirred together to create the universal acceptance of the inner beauty of mind and heart. Beauty is only fell deep. The acceptance of inner beauty goes beyond the subjective norms of beauty that varies between the different cultures one is exposed to.Gibran had concluded that beauty is not in the face beauty is a light in the heart. When it comes to these values of love, compassion and righteous code, human bei ngs emotion, conscience and perception are matching to form a common knowledge. As described in Platos Philebus, the measure of beauty was structured and related to intelligence. One understands what is to be considered as a lovable soulfulness not only by their outward-bound appearance but by fasten the strings of the inner quality that one possess as well.With this commonality, the barrier of subjective beauty is broken down. As one gives and receives love on a free-and-easy basis, following the universal idea of moral code and intelligence, their perception is broaden to a degree of understanding that the Miss creative activity Pageant can be hosted based on this commonality beyond cultural differences. Therefore, one can say that the universal acceptance and emotion unifies the human doctrine of a beautiful person.Although the universal concept of beauty has no definite meaning and can alters from one perceiver to another. It can also be viewed that human beauty is a refl ection cultural perception and ideas of aesthetics and indigenous to that area, but one cannot deny that the there are certain values built upon a common understanding. With this common understanding, the rift of perception between different cultures becomes narrower thus in the end, allowing ones perception of true beauty to be united to a universal degree of understanding.