Cyp Family

Introduction Cytochromes P450 enzymes constitute a Brobdingnagian superfamily of haem-thiolate proteins involved in the transfiguration of a ample conversion of both exogenous and integrative compounds. They were first discovered in 1955 in rat washed-out micro or sos and they atomic number 18 characterized by an piercing absorption band at 450 nm in the straw man of carbon monoxide The cytochrome P450 (CYP) mixed overwork out monooxygenases atomic number 18 laid on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of cells passim the body, exclusively the highest concentrations are found in the colored (hepatocytes) and down(p) intestine. These enzymes are responsible for the aerophilic (Phase I) metabolism of a large number of compounds, including many medications. They biotrans jump lipotropic do drugss to much pivotal compounds that basin be excreted by the kidneys. The metabolites are usually less(prenominal) busy than the parent compound, although some drugs undergo biotransformation to pharmacologic active agents. In some cases the metabolites give notice be toxic, carcinogenic or teratogenic. At least 12 cytochrome P-450 gene families have been determine in humans, although 3 families are involved in the mass of the drug biotransformations; these are the cytochrome P-450 1,2 and 3 (CYP1, CYP2 and CYP3).

The enzymes are divided into families establish on amino cutting chronological succession similarities, and each family screw be further disjunct into subfamilies, which are designated by great letter following the family assignment (e.g., CYP3A). Individual enzymes are later indicated by arabic numerals (e.g., CYP3A4). An enzyme belongs to a family when the amino acid sequence possesses more then 40% homology, enzymes with more than 55% homology form a subfamily and someone enzymes mint have to 97% homology amid the sequences. A single hepatocyte butt end contain a mix of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. An individual enzyme of cytochrome P-450 may be able of metabolizing many unlike drugs, but a granted drug may be originally metabolized by a single enzyme. Members of...If you want to light a full essay, grade it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com

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